Diagnostic methods of pleuropulmonary tuberculosis and prevalence of multidrug resistance not associated with HIV, in Panama
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Abstract
Introduction: pleuropulmonary tuberculosis is a common infection in Panama and different methods are used to diagnose it. In treatment, resistance to drugs such as rifampin is often a concern.
Objective: to describe the techniques used for diagnosis and to identify the prevalence of rifampin resistance in a population with pulmonary and pleural tuberculosis, without HIV, with social security in Panama City.
Methods: a retrospective and descriptive study on patients with pleuropulmonary tuberculosis, diagnosed in the pneumology service of Complejo Hospitalario Dr. Arnulfo Arias Madrid, between 2017 and 2021. Demographic variables, comorbidities, diagnostic methods, sensibility to rifampicin y response to the received treatment were registered.
Results: 224 cases were studied, 59.82 % were male with an age average of 47.81 ± 18,83 years. The most frequent comorbidity was diabetes mellitus present in 21.88 %. The most used diagnostic methods were: direct sputum bacilloscopy in 39.29 %, culture in 18.30 % and pleural biopsy in 13.84 %. Treatment was 85.27 % successful. The prevalence of resistance to rifampicin was of 3.92 % (TB-RR 1.47 %, TB-MDR 0.98 %, PRE-XDR 0.49 %, TB-XDR 0.98 %), all patients received treatment and 37.5 % of them were cured.
Conclusions: the most frequent comorbidity was diabetes mellitus. Bacilloscopy was the most utilized diagnostic method and a successful treatment was registered in most patients. Prevalence of resistance to rifampicin is low in our environment.
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